Indo-European video transcription.

Radio Sunrise serves the West-London community of mixed races “Punjabi” speakers and a mix of an English (…).

(A man’s voice)

What could these two languages, Punjabi and English have in common?

(Man’s voice again)

In fact, English and Punjabi as well as other languages of northern India, like Hindi and Gujarati, are related, something discovered by chance, two hundred years ago, by a multilingual English lawyer, “Showelin” Johns.

He was a (…) who entered to India in 1783 but studied languages, oriental languages, before he went. And when he got India, he became very interested and learnt “Sanskrit” which is the language of ancient India, which was first written about five hundred A.C. and then he realized (…) great discover that Sanskrit resembles in some ways, it has relationships with Greek and Latin and other languages. And he gave a very famous discourse, in which he said that this was (…) from some common source.

It’s surprising who no one’s (…) the resemblances earlier. Take the numbers again for example; the Sanskript on the right does strong resemblances to Latin and Greek on the left. But while one, two and three are obvious, four and five need a closer look to spot the connection. Linguists discovered rules that cover that sounds in different language are related. Look at the words for (…) This is the one of many examples where a word beginning with “q”  in Latin said, is similar to a Greek word beginning with “t” and the Sanskrit word beginning with “k”. These sound correspondences can obey (…) and related languages and members of the same family.

The question is, how can you tell that the languages are you looking at reflect the single original language and therefore form a family. The only way you can do that is by finding systematic similarities between these languages in every area of their grammar similarities, and their sounds similarities and their inflections similarities, and the syntax of the language are. And so for, and the similarities have to be precise and they have to be interlocking for the assertion that this languages form a family or to be believable.

You take a look at an English word like “tooth” and see then in Indian “dant”, and the bites of that (…) very much. But you take a look at the English word “ten” and choose up in Hindi as “das” you see the same pattern in origin, you got an initial “t” in English and an initial “d” in Hindi, and when you find that the word “two” (…) in Hindi’s “do” and you got  once again an initial “t” in English and an initial “d”  in Hindi, you begin to think that perhaps this is not an accident.

Linguists have now established that a whole range of languages starting from Iceland to India form one family called Indo-European. They believe that they construct an early ancestor of these languages. “Proto” in the European”.