BIOGRAPHY:
    Carroll, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dogson) (January 27, 1832-January 14, 1898), the author of Alice in Wonderland, of mathematical treatises, and of a quantity of stories and poems, serious and humorous, was the son of a churchman and the eldest of eleven children. His mother and father were first cousins, and  unusually religious. At the time of his birth, his father, Dr. Dogson, was the vicar of Daresbury, Cheshire (he later was presented with the Crown living of Croft, Yorkshire, and subsequently became Archdeacon of Richmond and one the Canons of Ripon Cathedral), and was distinguished scholar whose favourite study was mathematics.

      Daresbury was isolated, but there was no want of children, so Charles invented games to amuse himself and his brothers and sisters. He made a train with railway stations in the Rectory garden; he did conjuring in a brown wig and a long white robe; he made a troupe of marionettes and a stage with the aid of the family and a village carpenter; he wrote all the plays for it himself, and manipulated the strings. The most popular was The Tragedy of King John. He also made pets of snails and toads, and tried to promote modern warfare among eartworms by giving them small pieces of clay pipe for weapons.

     Until he was twelve his father educated him, and then he went to Mr. Tate´s school at Richmond. He was the butt of a few jokes as a new boy; later, however, he became the champion of the weak and small, and earned the reputation of "a boy who knew how to use his fists in a righteous cause." He contributed one story to the school magazine, probably a mistery, called "The Unknown One", which is  unknown. Dr. Tate wrote to Dr. Dogson that Charles had "a very uncommon share of genius," and  "you may fairly anticipate for him a bright career." From Richmond he went to Rugby under Dr. Tate, and again acquitted himself more than creditably of his work. He always "went home with one or more prizes". Indeed, the whole of his academic career was an endless series of excellent marks, prizes, and congratulations.

     In the holidays between 1845 and 1850 he edited a number of magazines for his own amusement; the most entertaining of these  was The Rectory Umbrella, which he illustrated as well as wrote. In this were the first nonsense rhymes and humorous drawings. "Seldom," says Walter De La Mare, "has any child shown himself so clearly the father-to-be of the man."

     On May 23, 1850, he matriculated at Christ Church College, Oxford, his father´s college; in January the following year he became a resident of that college, and "from that day to the hour of his death--a period of forty-seven years--he belonged to  "the House", never leaving it for any length of time...."Again he distinguished himself with first class honors in mathematics, second class in classics, and the Butler Scholarship. He wrote, "I am getting tired of being congratulated on various subjects; there seems to be no end of it. If I had shot the Dean I could hardly have had more said about it." After receiving his B.A degree he was made "Master of the House" and sub-librarian. According to the terms of the scholarship, or studentship, he was to remain unmarried, and proceed to holy orders. At this time, 1855, he began contribuiting poems and stories to The Comic Times, until its editor, Edmund Yates, founded The Train. It was Yates who chose three names Dogson submitted the nom de plume Lewis Carroll, and Lewis Carroll was first signed to a poem, "Solitude", which appeared in The Train in the year 1855  was  eventful;  he received the further appointment of lecturer in mathematics as Christ Church College, a position which he held until 1881. Six years later he was ordinated a deacon, but he never proceeded to priest´s orders, probably because he stammered. He did, however, preach from time to time, often to the servants of the college, but he enjoyed most preaching to children.

     From this time until his death in 1988 the story of Lewis Carroll is the story of his literary work, of his child friends, of his hobbies and inventions, and the story of Charles Lutwidge Dogson, mathematician, lecturer, and scholar, is secondary. (A trip to Russia with Dr. Liddon in 1867 was the only real interruption in the quiet routine of his life. The Russian Journal is his diary of this trip).

     On July 4, 1862, Lewis Carroll wrote in his diary, "I made an expedition up the river to Godstowe with the three Liddells,we had tea on the bank there, and did not reach Christ Church till half-past eigtht." Somewhat later he added, "on which occasion I told them the fairy tale of Alice´s Adventures Underground, which I undertook to write out for Alice." The Liddells were the daughters of the dean of Christ Church College. Alice, the second daugther, lived to celebrate the centenay of Carroll´s birth. Subsequently the book was called Alice´s Hours in Elfland, but when it appeared in 1865 it was Alice´s Adventures in Wonderland.  The first edition both Tenniel,
the illustrator, and Carroll condemned because the pictures were printed poorly. Some of these 2000 copies were given by Carroll to hospitals and institutions where he thought the book might be enjoyed and some were sold in America. It was six years later taht Through the Looking Glass was published.

     In the meantime Carroll had settled down in a spacious apartment on the borthwest corner of
Tom Quad, where he remained the rest of his life, and were he had a photographic studio. Here he made portraits of a great many of the celebrities of his day, as well as of his child friends. The pictures are clear and sharp and altogether remarkable for their time. It was here that Carroll did a great deal of entertaining. He made charts of where his guests sat at table, and kept track of menus in his diary, so that "people would not have the same dishes too frequently." He was by now a confirmed and exacting bachelor, who labeled and filed all his papers and letters; who asked perfection of the artists who illustrated his books, and even requested one of them, E.Gertrude Thomson, not to do any work for him on Sundays; who rose early every morning, and worked hard all day. But he was also the child-lover who kept "for the amusement of his child guests a large assortment of musical boxes and an organatte which had to be fed with paper tunes, " clock-work bears, mice, frogs, games and puzzles of all sorts".

     While the fame of Lewis Carroll increased daily, Dogson was turning out and publishing a quantity of mathematical works, but, as Harvey Darton puts it, "no one who ever wrote for children is more completely assured of unacademic inmortality. "Dogson shied away from publicity, and "declined to welcome any trbute to Lewis Carroll." In fact he wrote, "Mr. C. : Dogson... neither claims nor acknowledges any connection with any pseudonym or whit any book not published under his own name". But Dogson has a good deal of fun even under his own name. He ridiculed the new belfry at Christ Church in a pamphlet; he wrote skits on Oxford subjects, and published a book of parodies, mostly of Tennyson and Longfellow. He invented a system of mnemonics for remembering names and dates; poetical acrostics; a system for writing in the dark; and he improved the game of backgammon. The later works of Lewis Carroll never reached the popularity of the Alice´s books. Sylvie and Bruno is full of the ifeals and semantics "he held most dear, "though it contains also a good deal of nonsense.

    Carroll was tall, thin , and dark, with delicate features, smooth skin, and "thick curly hair". He "was, at sight, a much odder figure than an effervescent country vicar" with his jerky step.

      Toward the end of his life he began to have "a very peciliar, yet not very uncommon, optical delusion, which takes the form of seeing moving fortifications." He needed rest badly, but he kept on working, though he saw fewer people, and went to the theatre (which he liked exceedingly) almost never. He knew everybody of importance: writers--Ruskin, Tennyson, the Rossettis; actresses--the Terry sisters; scientists, churchmen, and men of affairs. He died at Guilford of influenza, but his memory is appropirately kept alive by perpetual public endowment of a cot in the Children´s Hospital, Great Carroll "was an interesting but erratic genius", as Henry Holiday, the illustrator of Sylvie and Bruno, said. He was full of ingenious ideas even in his youth, when he liked "the look of logarithms"; he wrote on horserace betting odds; he was constantly inventing puzzles and corresponding with strangers about mathematics. He was full of a tremendous reverence for sacred subjects, and would leave a theatre if a joke on such matters was made in the play. He is almost the only male writer to have written for girls; Sylvie and Bruno was his only concession to boys, of whom he was very wary. Alice in Wonderland has been universally praised because it"changed the whole cast of children´s literature, but he founded, not followed, agracious type... " It was "a spiritual volcano of children´s books": (Harvey Darton) Perhaps the most penetrating analysis of Alice´s position in children´s literature is the novelist Sir Walter Beasant´s remark that "it admits us into a state of being which, until it was not only unexplored but undiscovered".
 
 
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