DEFINITIONS

Synchronic

- Adjective

1. Synchronic, descriptive. “Concerned with phenomena (specially language) at a particular period without considering historical antecedents”. Ex: “synchronic linguistics”, “descriptive linguistics”.

2. Synchronous, synchronal, synchronic. “Ocurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase”. Ex: “recovery was synchronous with theraphy” –Jour A.M.A.”, “a synchronous set of clocks”, “the synchronous action of a bird’s wings in flight”, “synchronous oscillations”

3. Synchronic (of taxa) “occurring in the same period of geological time.

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/synchronic

Layperson

- Noun

1. Layman, layperson. “Someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person”

2. Category Tree:

entity

╚object; physical object

╚living thing; animate thing

╚organism; being

╚person; individual; someone; somebody; mortal; human; soul

╚commoner; common man; common person

╚layman, layperson

╚lay reader

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/layperson

- Shibboleth

- Noun

1. “A manner of speaking that is distinctive of a particular group of people”

2. Category Tree:

abstraction

╚relation

╚social relation

╚communication

╚expressive style; style

╚manner of speaking; speech; delivery

╚shibboleth

3. Motto, slogan, catchword, shibboleth “A favorite saying of a sect or political Group”.

4. Category Tree:

abstraction

╚relation

╚social relation

╚communication

╚auditory communication

╚speech; speech communication; spoken communication; spoken language; language; voice communication; oral communication

╚saying; expression; locution

╚motto, slogan, catchword, shibboleth

╚war cry; rallying cry; battle cry; cry; watchword

╚mantra

╚catchphrase; catch phrase

- Diachronic

- Adjective

- Diachronic, historical. “Used of the study of a phenomenon (especially language) as it changes through time” “diachronic linguistics”

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/diachronic

- Unattested

- Adjective

- not existing in any documented form: if a will contains unattested changes, the changes will be disregarded although large masonry instruments were not unattested in the world, they were constructed infrequently.

• (Linguistics) denoting a form or usage or pronunciation of a word for which there is no evidence: logically possible but unattested word-formation.

“unattested adj.“ The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. Ed. Erin McKean. Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.Universidad de Valencia. 17 February 2009 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t183.e82417>

- Substratum

- Noun

1. Substratum, substrate. “Any stratum lying undemeath another”

2. Category Tree:

entity

╚location

╚region; part

╚layer

╚stratum

╚substratum, substrate

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/substratum

- Protolanguage

- Noun

1. “A hypothetical lost parent language from which actual languages are derived”

“protolanguage noun“ The Oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online.Oxford University Press. Universidad de Valencia. 17 February 2009 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t140.e62219>

- Ablaut

- Noun

1. A vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as “sing sang sung song”)

2. Category Tree:

abstraction

╚relation

╚part; portion; component part; component

╚language unit; linguistic unit

╚phone; speech sound; sound

╚vowel; vowel sound

╚ablaut

╚grade; gradation

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/ablaut

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