RESEARCH ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF THE THEATRE OF HAROLD PINTER ACCORDING TO THREE OF HIS PLAYS

 

In this paper, we are going to talk about Harold Pinter, and his evolution in the theatre world, using three plays: “The Dumb Waiter”(1957), “The Collection”(1961) and “Party Time”(1991).

 

Harold Pinter was born in 10 of October in 1930 in Hackney (London). His theatre career started in the “Royal Academy of Dramatic Art” and in the “Central School of Speech and Drama” in 1948, but he had written essays and poetry before. In 1949, Pinter discovered a play of Samuel Beckett: in this way Pinter felt a great admiration for the plays and the person of Beckett, one of the most important writers of the “Absurd Theatre”.  

 

His career to success began with “The Room” (1957) and with “The Dumb Waiter”(1957). In these plays, Pinter shows political topics and he represents the poor communication with the outside. In these plays, the communication between characters is very poor, they don’t listen to others. In “The Dumb Waiter” (1957), there are two assassins, who are the main characters. One of them is timid, weak and younger than the other and he passes the day complaining about his life, his work…but not about the outside, the society or the world. The other is more adult, cleverer, and he wants to be the right in everything. But he isn’t worried about the outside, life or the world, too. And in this play, the characters don’t change their mind.  This play is very comical; because the action seems to be inexplicable and illogical (one assassin kills the other at the end). This type of play (comical and illogical) is common in the period of 1957-1959 in Pinter’s plays, because they are reflecting the characteristics of the “Absurd Theatre”.  In these plays, the majority of the characters belong to the worker class, and for that, they use a colloquial level of language, like in reality, in the society in general, and it shows a kind of naturalism in Pinter’s plays. Other characters contradict with commentaries that sometimes have different interpretations. Moreover, Pinter uses a poor grammar and incomplete sentences with a lot of repetitions. In addition, in Pinter’s plays, and in “The Dumb Waiter” too, is important the silence and the pauses. Using it, Pinter shows off the attitude of the characters, shows off the situation, the time… and these pauses and silences establish a mystery and fright atmosphere, which can symbolize the trauma of the society.  Pinter created the terms Pinteresque (means that a situation is menacing) and Pinter Pause (that consists in long silences and a vulgar and ambiguity conversation). This made that plays had an absurd, mysterious and sometimes terrorific ambient.

 

Thanks to these plays, Harold Pinter turned into the most important dramatists in England after war and one of the most important in the world.

 

In 1960, he started writing plays nearer to Realism: in them, the space, the attrezzo and the stage design were perfectly described. Plays weren’t so mysterious. They were more realists and the actions weren’t so illogical and more natural. It could be because before, Pinter didn’t write to be represented, but now that is his purpose, and for be represented, he needs to delimit more carefully the space, the atrezzo and the characters. One play that appeared in this period is “The Collection” (that talks about adultery). The story is more natural than the story in “The Dumb Waiter”, more realists, and represents what can occur if it (adultery) occurs in reality. The characters in this play have characteristics of human people, more than have the characters in other plays (“The Dumb Waiter”, for example). They are worried about their life, about what occurs in it. In this play, it is reflected a social and daily trouble that people can have, and we can see four different characters that have different characteristics but are worried about their lives, their relationships, about their troubles… One character is a good man who helps other one who is in a slum, and gives him a house and a job. This man falls in love with a married woman. Her husband is too much jealous. She misleads her husband… These are the characteristics that these characters have in the play, and represent in a more natural way, people in reality, in society. But in this play, and in the plays of this period, Pinter’s handwriting doesn’t change. Appear also the typical silences in Pinter’s plays, a lot of repetitions like in Pinter’s plays but the mystery and the fright are disappearing.

 

In 1991, above all in “Party Time”(1991), seems that Pinter changes the topic of his plays, but in reality, he returns to politic topics (like in his first plays where he critics the society and the world), and to other topics like the distrust in all and the search of the own felicity. In short, follow Michael Billington (Pinter’s biographer): “Although the context may radically change, Pinter’s obsessions remain very much what they always were; the hidden poetry of vernacular speech, the unfathomable mystery of human existence and the power of memory, however fallible convey the paradise we have all lost”.

 

In “Party Time”, appears a lot of characters, but some of them are a man who has bad-temperament and is jealous, he scorns his wife, is cruel; her wife, who loves her husband a lot; a man who is a good friend of the previous man and his wife; an old woman, who is friend of all of them and reminds the party… All of them, and the rest of characters, are worried about their lives, their social position, about love… but no about the outside, the world, the society (it reminds to “The Dumb Waiter”). These characters only want to their happiness, and forget the rest of people, of society (very different to “The Collection”, where characters have worries, and were worried about the life and the world.

 

To sum up, Harold Pinter has been compared with a lot of authors, but he is always one of the most important British dramatists after the Second World War. To summarize, his first plays were influenced in the “Absurd Theatre”, and in the theatre of Beckett and Kafka. But gradually, his theatre changed to Realism, and it left the illogical actions and the mystery to become more realist actions, more normal day after day. And then, Pinter returned to political topics again, like al first. He turns to write against the society, the world, the distrust in the felicity, in the modernity, and the search of the own felicity. Moreover, I want to emphasize one characteristic of Pinter. He is a social writer, but he leaves that the readers reflect and interpret the play. This separates Pinter to other writers. In my opinion, Pinter’s plays are difficult because his sense is confused. But I think that if we make the effort to understand Pinter’s plays, we can enjoy a lot with them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors

http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/research/fa/pinter.html

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hpinter.htm

http://www.campusprogram.com/reference/en/wikipedia/h/ha/harold_pinter.html

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0839126.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/pinter/pinter-timeline.shtml

http://www.haroldpinter.org