PDF TO ANSWERED QUESTIONS
- Kinds of variability: geographical, time referente, social class/circle, contextual differences
- Uniformity is a nationalistic belief. The more uniform the more please nationalists are since language is 100% politics.
- Register:  FIELDS: scientific, meical, mother-baby talk
MODE: written or spoken à plays have a special mode since they are
written to be spoken.
TENOR: amount of formality

All these explain variety

Unattested : periods of which there is no information of. It is an ideal to look at languages as finite. Attested: the contrary --> Rosetta stone
Is stability the norm?

- protoeuropean : no record because it wasn’t written

Nothing remains the same. Change is normal. What is not normal is that things don`t change.

They who think uniformity is like regularity are non proffesionals.

- chart 1 is standard but more irregular: we have been brainwashed. Standard according to nationalists is beautiful, what’s not standard is unorthodox.

- deviant from what? Is it something that’s not perfect? Who decides what is good or bad? This is the attitude that Milroy talks about. He writes it for other proffesionals and criticized other schoolars.

- why does he use scare quotes [ can you believe the affirmation inside of it?] in non standard and errors? If you are a native speaker you cannot make mistakes -- >  Liberal opinion

If you do you are only innovating.

Inter language: somewhere between one language and the other.

Good or bad doesn’t exist for Milroy because it judges.

- Metalanguage: what we use.

Written language was the only thing available in old times. What it really was has nothing to do with itself.

Spoken language: repretitious. Redundant [this doesn’t happen in written language]

+ Norms: are they reasonable in every case? Where do they come from?

We don`t speak english, we speak ebonics

Standard is the norm but it leaves out varieties: he ate the pie already (american english construction) what one man’s norm is another man’s poison.