"O Naffarínos cutá vu navru cangor luttos ca vúna
tiéranar, dana maga tíer ce vru encá
vún' farta once ya merúta vúna maxt' amámen."
The meaning of this strange sentence is probably lost for ever, except
that the word vru, or vrú, means "ever". This is the one sample
Tolkien gives of Naffarin (MC:209), the more sophisticated private language
he started to develop when Nevbosh died. In fact, Naffarin partly overlapped
the last stages of Nevbosh. Unlike Nevbosh,
Naffarin was never shared with others; it does not seem that young Tolkien
ever tried to teach it to his friends. He notes that he would have liked
to circulate it, but never did - probably thinking that noone would be
interested. It seems that Naffarin was just a language and lacked a mythology
to go with it. Nontheless, it represented a long leap foreward: In the
case of Naffarin, teen-age Tolkien for the first time made a whole language
by joining sound and meaning according to his own predilections rather
than distorting words from existing tongues. In
Nevbosh, only a few of the words had been of this kind, like lint "quick,
nimble" (that may very well have been one of the words that were adopted
into Naffarin from Nevbosh; it even survived into Quenya!) Tolkien mentions
vrú "ever" as "a curiously predominant association in my languages,
which is always pushing its way in (a case of early fixation of individual
association, I suppose, which cannot now be got rid of)" (MC:209). In Quenya
it appears as voro "ever, continually" (LR:353).
The general phonetic style of Naffarin was inspired by Latin and Spanish. Tolkien deliberately avoided certain English sounds, such as w, th, sh. But we shall never know more about Naffarin than this, for Tolkien informs us that "it has long since been foolishly destroyed" - and this was written as early as 1931. Yet we already see an approach to Elvish forms; Tolkien's linguistic taste was maturing. Many of the words, though not all, could have been Quenya as far as style and structure goes: The earliest form of "Qenya" was only a few years away - and one can hardly fail to note that the very word "Naffarin" has the ending -rin also seen in the names of so many later languages: Sindarin, Vanyarin, Valarin, Telerin etc.
Naffarin Wordlist
To flesh out what would otherwise have been a pretty uninformative list, I mention later Elvish forms similar to the Naffarin words, but this is only to demonstrate that Tolkien was already approaching the characteristic Elvish "style" and is no attempt to guess what the Naffarin words really mean, except in the case of navru.
amámen ???
(Quenya Aman "the Blessed Realm")
ca ???
ce ??? (Quenya
*ce "you" - a tentative reconstruction based on the Sindarin endings -ch,
-g and the accusative tye, that
may represent earlier *kye. But the
Quenya form may also be *ci.)
cangor ??? (Elvish
stems KAN "dare", GOR "violence, impetus, haste", LR:362, 359)
cutá ???
(Quenya cua "dove", cú "bow", cúma the Void)
dana ??? (Sindarin
Danath "Nandor", the Elves who did not cross the mountains on the march
from Cuiviénen)
encá ???
(Quenya enta "that yonder".)
farta ??? (Elvish
stem PHAR "reach, go all the way, suffice", LR:381)
luttos ??? (Quenya
lusta "void, empty", Elvish stem LUT "float, swim", Quenya luntë "boat")
maxt' ??? Evidently
an elided form of *maxta, as the next word begins in a. (Quenya maxa "pliant,
soft", masta "bread")
Naffarin Naffarin,
name of the language, etymology unknown. (Cf. later language-names like
Sindarin, Vanyarin etc.)
Naffarínos evidently an inflected form
of Naffarin or a compound including it.
navru ??? May
incorporate vru, vrú "ever". In later Elvish NA is the stem of words
like "to" and "for", so navru just might
mean "forever".
o ??? (Sindarin
o "from, of")
once ??? (Elvish
stem ONO "beget", Quenya onta- "beget, create", onna "creature")
tíer ???
Cf. tiéranar? (Quenya tier pl. of tie "path".)
tiéranar ???
(Quenya tie "path", Rána a name of the Moon)
vru or vrú "ever".
(MC:209) (Quenya voro "ever".) Cf. navru.
vu ??? (Elvish
stem WÔ "together", Quenya ve "as, like")
vún' evidently
an elided form of vúna below.
vúna ???
Cf. vú?
ya ??? (Quenya
ya relative pronoun "that, which")
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©Helge Fauskanger