This is my phonology page
Consonant: A SPEECH sound distinct from a VOWEL (such as /b/ and /d/ in /bad/), and a LETTER of the ALPHABET that represents such a sound (such as b and d in bad). In general usage, a distinction between spoken consonants and written or printed consonants is not always made, but specialists seek to keep the two distinct. For some sounds and letters in English, the correspondence is straightforward and unequivocal, such as d and the alveolar PLOSIVE sound it represents. For others, correspondences are equivocal and can lead to uncertainty: for example, although the c in such words as card, cord, and curd has the ‘hard’ value /k/, and the c in such words as cent and city has the ‘soft’ value /s/, the c of Celt is /s/ for some, /k/ for others. In ScoE, it is always /s/ in the name of the football team Glasgow Celtic, but generally /k/ in such expressions as the Celtic languages.
Vowel: A term in general use and in phonetics for both a SPEECH sound that is distinct from a CONSONANT (also vowel sound) and the LETTER of the ALPHABET that represents such a speech sound (also vowel letter). In general usage, the distinction between vowels in speech and writing is not always clearly made, but linguists and phoneticians seek to keep the two kinds of vowel distinct.
-Vowel sounds:
Phonetically a vowel is a speech sound characterized by voicing (the vibration of the larynx) and by absence of obstruction or audible friction in the vocal tract, allowing the breath free passage. The quality of a vowel is chiefly determined by the position of the tongue and the lips: see VOWEL QUALITY. Vowel sounds divide into MONOPHTHONGS (single vowel sounds that may be long or short), DIPHTHONGS (double vowel sounds formed by gliding from one vowel position to another), and triphthongs (triple vowel sounds formed by gliding from one through another to a third vowel position). The human speech mechanism is capable of producing a wide range of simple and complex vowel sounds. As with consonants, however, in each language (or language variety) a particular range of vowels is used: for example, in standard Parisian French, there are 12 non-nasal and 4 nasal monophthongs (16 vowel sounds in all); in BrE, the basic vowel system of RP has 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs (20 vowel sounds in all) while the basic vowel system of ScoE has 10 monophthongs and 4 diphthongs (14 vowel sounds in all).
Diphthong: A vowel whose quality changes perceptibly in one direction within a single syllable: e.g. [a
] in house, whose articulation changes from relatively open to relatively close and back. Diphthongs are falling or rising according to which phase is more prominent.
A distinction might be drawn in principle between a phonetic diphthong and a diphthong in phonology, which would consist of a sequence of two vowel phonemes. Thus the [a] of house is phonetically diphthongal, but different phonologists have described it variously as a single phoneme, as a vowel plus another vowel, or as a vowel plus a semivowel. Cf. monophthong; triphthong.
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l) PHILOLOGY: The branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development,
and relationships of languages or language families; the historical study of
the phonology and morphology of languages; historical linguistics. See also comparative
philology at COMPARATIVE
adj. 1b.
This sense has never
been current in the United States, and is increasingly rare in British use. Linguistics
is now the more usual term for the study of the structure of language, and
(often with qualifying adjective, as historical, comparative,
etc.) has generally replaced philology.
1716 M. DAVIES Athenæ Britannicæ III. 102 Harduin has there several erudite Remarks upon Philology: especially upon the Pronunciation and Dialects of the Greek Tongue. 1749 D. HARTLEY Observ. Man I. iii. 353 Philology, or the Knowledge of Words, and their Significations. 1816 J. GILCHRIST Philos. Etymol. p. vii, Whether that gentleman shall choose a lexicographic department in the field of philology. 1838 W. B. WINNING (title) Manual of comparative philology. 1852 J. S. BLACKIE On Stud. Lang. 7 Philology unfolds the genesis of those laws of speech, which Grammar contemplates as a finished result. 1902 L. MEAD Word-coinage vi, Professor Bréal has blazed the way for future explorers in the wilderness of philology. 1964 R. H. ROBINS Gen. Ling. i. 6 In British usage philology is generally equivalent to comparative philology, an older and still quite common term for what linguists technically refer to as comparative and historical linguistics. 2002 Isis 93 503/1 The Leipzig neogrammarian philologists, who rejected Indo-European philology for a universal science of language.
CROW: [OE. cráwe f., corresp. to OS. krâia, MLG. krâge, krâe, krâ, LG. kraie, kreie, MDu. kraeye, Du. kraai, OHG. chrâwa, chrâja, chrâ, crâwa, crâ, MHG. kræe, krâwe, krâ, Ger. krähe; a WG. deriv. of the vb. crâwan, crâian to CROW, q.v.]
1. a. A bird of the genus Corvus; in England commonly applied to the Carrion Crow (Corvus Corone), ‘a large black bird that feeds upon the carcasses of beasts’ (Johnson); in the north of England, Scotland, and Ireland to the Rook, C. frugilegus; in U.S. to a closely allied gregarious species, C. americanus.
CUERVO:
(Del lat. corvus).
1. m. Pájaro carnívoro, mayor que la paloma, de plumaje negro con visos pavonados, pico cónico, grueso y más largo que la cabeza, tarsos fuertes, alas de un metro de envergadura, con las mayores remeras en medio, y cola de contorno redondeado.