DEFINITIONS (http://www.wordreference.com)

· Synchronic: (Adjective)

1.Synchronic, descriptive. “Concerned with phenomena (specially language) at a particular period without considering historical antecedents”. Ex: “synchronic linguistics”, “descriptive linguistics”.

2.Synchronous, synchronal, synchronic. “Ocurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase”. Ex: “recovery was synchronous with theraphy” –Jour A.M.A.”, “a synchronous set of clocks”, “the synchronous action of a bird’s wings in flight”, “synchronous oscillations”.

3.Synchronic (of taxa) “occurring in the same period of geological time.

· Shibboleth: (noun)

A manner of speaking that is distinctive group of people

Category tree:

abstraction

╚relation

╚social relation

╚communication

╚expressive style; style

╚manner of speaking; speech; delivery

╚shibboleth

· Layperson: (noun)

1.- Layman, layperson. “Someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person”

2.-Category Tree:

entity

╚object; physical object

╚living thing; animate thing

╚organism; being

╚person; individual; someone; somebody; mortal; human; soul

╚commoner; common man; common person

╚layman, layperson

╚lay reader

· Dyachronic (Adjective)

Diachronic, historical. “Used of the study of a phenomenon (especially language) as it changes through time” “diachronic linguistics”.

· Ablaut: (Noun)

1.- A vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as “sing sang sung song”)

2.-Category Tree:

abstraction

╚relation

╚part; portion; component part; component

╚language unit; linguistic unit

╚phone; speech sound; sound

╚vowel; vowel sound

╚ablaut

╚grade; gradation

· Substratum: (noun)

1.-Substratum, substrate. “Any stratum lying undemeath another”

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2.-Category Tree:

entity

╚location

╚region; part

╚layer

╚stratum

╚substratum, substrate