This
is my own work. Here you can find a piece of Defoe's work. Here I will
try to explain the characteristics that I can find about this work.
I now began to consider seriously my condition, and the circmstance I was reducedto, and I drew up the state of my affairs in writing, not so much to leave them to any that were to come after me, for I was like to have but few heirs, as to deliver my thoughts from daily poring upon them, and afflicting my mind; and as my reason began now to master my despondency, I began to comfort my self as well, as I could, and to set the goood against the evil, that i might have something to distinguish my case from worse, and I stated it very impartially, lide debtor and creditor, the comforts I enjoyed against the miseries I suffered, thus:
EVIL
GOOD
- I am cast upon a horrible
desolate
- But I am alive, and not drowned as all
island,void of
all hope of recovery.
my ship's company was.
- I am singled out and
separated, as
- But I am singled out too from all the
it were,from all the
world to be
ship's crew to be spared from death
miserable.
and He that miraculously saved me
from death,can deliver me from this
- I am divided from
mankind, a solitaire,
condition.
one banished from humane
society.
I have not clothes to
cover me.
- But God wonderfully sent the ship in
near mough to the shore, that I have
- I am without any defence
or means
gotten out so many necessary
to resist any violence
of man or beast.
things as will either supply my
wants, or enable me to supply
my self, even
even as long as I live.
- I have no soul to
speak to, or relieve
Ací veiem
la seua mentalitat de la
me.
economia.
Upon the whole, here
waas an undoubted testimony, that there was scarce any condition in the
world so miserable, but there was something negative or something positive
to be thankful for it; and let this stand as a direction from the experience
of the most miserable of all conditions in this world, that we may always
find in it something to comfort our selves from, and to set in the description
of good and evil, on the credit side of the accompt.
Having now brought
my mind a little to relish my condition, and given over looking out to
sea to see if I could spy a ship; I say, giving over these things, I began
to apply my self to accomodate my way of living, and to make things
as easy to me as I could.
I have already
described my habitation, which was a tent under the side of a rock, surrounded
with a strong pale of posts and cables, but I might now rather call it
a wall, for I raised a kind of wall up against it of turfs, about two foot
thick on the out-side, and after some time, I think it was a year and a
half, I raised rafters from it leaning to the rock, and thatched or covered
it with bows of trees, and such things as I could get to keep out the rain,
which I found at some times of the year very vilent.
I have already
observd how I brought all my goods into this pale, and into the cave which
I had made behind me. But I must observe too, that at first this was a
confusesd heap of goods, which as they lay in no order, so they took
up all my place, I had no room to turn my self; so I set my self to enlarge
my cave and works farther into the earth, for it was a loose sandy rock,
which yielded into the easily to the labour I bestowed on it; and so when
I found I was pretty safe as to beasts of prey, I worked side-ways
to the right hand into the rock, and then turning to the right again, worked
quite out and made me a door to come out, on the out-side or my pale or
fortification.
This gave me
not only egrees and regress, as it were a back way to my tent and to my
store-house, but gave me room to stow my goods.
And now I began
to apply my self to make such necessary things as I found I most wanted
as particularly a chair and a table; for without these I was not able to
enjoy the few comforts I had in the world; I could not write, or eat, or
do several things with so much pleasure without a table.
So I went to
work; and here I must needs observe, that as reasonis
the substance and original of the mathemathics, so by stating and squaring
every thing by reason, and
by making the most rational
judgement
of things, every man may be in time master of every mechanik art. I had
never handled a tool in my life, and yet in time, by labour, application,
and contrivance, I found at last that I wanted nothing but I could have
made it, especially if I had had tools; however, I made abundance of things,
even without tools, and some with no more tools than an adzev and a hatchet,
which perhaps were never made that way before, and that with infinite labour.
For example, if I wanted a board, I had no other way but to cut down a
tree, set it on an edge before me , and hew it flat on either side with
my axe, till I had brought it to be thin as a plank, and then dubb it smooth
with my adze. It is true, by this method I could make but one board out
of a whole tree, but this I had no remedy for but patience, any more than
I had for the prodigious deal of time and labour which it took me up to
make a plank or board. But my time or labour was little worth,and
so it was as well employed one way as another.
1- ací
trobem un ús de la raó on Locke ja deia que era la facció
predominant en l'home.
2-
ací amb aquesta paraula ens està comunicant que el treball
que fará serà amb enginy.
3.-Amb açò vol
consolar als més miserables.
Les novel·les anteriors també
tenien característiques del realisme com Robinson Crusoe. A
D. Defoe el coneguem
per altres novel·les com Moll Flandres que son els dos textos
més coneguts de D.Defoe. Ell es possà a escriure novel·la
quan tenía 60 anys. Ell va començar escriguent publicacions
periodiques. Eren publicacions d'assaig on la llavor del periodisme li
va entrenar en l'escriptura realista. Alguns d'aquests treballs A journal
of the Page Year,1722. Ací trobem combinats eixa idea de fets
i de ficciño. És una mena de narració periodistica
del que va passar un any a Londres. Dona un informe periodistic acurat.
Quan tenia 60 anys va dedicar-se a escriure obres de ficció, novel·les,
ja no escrui pamflets. La primera novel·la que va escriure
és Robinson Crusoe, després una segona part d'aquesta
novel·la , després Moll Flanders i altres titols
com Roxana.1724.
Robinson Crusoe: És un home que naufragia, que passa molts
anys en una illa. Defoe ho presenta com si fos un fet sense importancia
i fa ús d'unes de les escriptures del moment. Apareis com un llibre
de viatges, on tot el que ocorre és versemblant i resulta real.
Esta novel·la, interessa per el fet que fa una persona normal
en la seua vida, que és el tema central de la novel·la.
És una cosa trencadora en eixe moment.
Defoe és el primer escriptor anglés que visualitza la seua
narració que ocorre en un espai físic real, a mes, és
la primera obra de narració llarga en estil sencill, en una prosa
per expressar uns fets amb to col·loquial i escritura amb dimensions
de novel·la. Fou la primera obra col·loquial.