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 Definitions from the Oxford Reference

Consonant: a basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable. Contrasted with vowel. A letter represeting a consonant. Any speech sound that involves a significant obstruction of the airstream in the vocal tract and that functions at the beggining or end of a syllable, either slightly or in a cluster, or a letter of the alphabet representing such a speech sound.

Vowel: a speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction, and which is a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable.

Diphthong: a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in coin, loud and side). Often contrasted with monophthong, triphthong.

From the Oxford English Dictionary

·The pronunciation of “kestrel”: /ˈkɛstrɪl/

·The main definition of Phonology in English: Love of learning and literature; the branch of knowledge that deals with the historical, linguistic, interpretative, and critical aspects of literature; literary or classical scholarship.

·The etimology of “crow” and its translation into Spanish:  OE. cráwe f., corresp. to OS. krâia, MLG. krâge, krâe, krâ, LG. kraie, kreie, MDu. kraeye, Du. kraai, OHG. chrâwa, chrâja,chrâ, crâwa, crâ, MHG. kræe, krâwe, krâ, Ger. krähe; a WG. deriv. of the vb. crâwan, crâian to crow , q.v.

It is popularly believed and I have even found in the dictionary that the translation of “crow” into Spanish is “cuervo”, but the fact is that the proper translation is “corneja”, being the “cuervo” (raven) a bit bigger than the “corneja”.