-Ellman, Richard. James Joyce. London: Oxford University Press, 1966.

-Halloway, John. "The Literary Scene" (61-111); Kettle, Arnold. "The Consistency of James Joyce (378-389). From Dryden to Johnson (The New Pelican Guide to English Literature 4) Edited by Boris Ford. London : Penguin Books, 1995.

-Pursel, Valerie. "Cliffs Notes on Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man." Lincoln: Cliffs Notes, 1992.

- Wales, Katie. The Language of James Joyce. London: University of Sheffield, 1992.