This essay analyses the humorous techniques combined with a romantic love represented in some of Shakespeare’s plays such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of the Shrew”, and whose main topic of both plays is the funny love that always ends in marriage. Nevertheless, when we remark a certain amount of knock- about humor in these plays is because the main couples who finally end falling in love, is as a consequence of a spell or a blackmail in exchange of money. Hence, right here we are able to consider a great mixture of the real with the fictitious.

To begin with this task, in the Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream”, there are three loves connected stories that happen in Athens. The first one is about Hermia, Egeus’ daughter, who is in love with Lysander and he loves her too, but the problem is that Demetrius also loves her and he has the approval of Egeus. Meanwhile, Helena, Hermia’s friend, is in love with Demetrius. Also, Theseus, who is in love with Hyppolita and is going to marry her, advises Hermia to resolve the problem or she will be killed as her father wants in according to the ancient laws. This is the reason why Hermia and Lysander want to escape into the forest. Then, last couple is the King Oberon and the Queen Titania, and this story takes place into the Fairies’ world.

To understand the humorous Shakespeare’s technique in this comedy, it is necessary to explain that the three stories end being the same one. First of all, it is as well to consider the aim ironic point, that is, the Cupid’s Flower, which has the power to make a person falling in love with the first person he or she sees. Nevertheless, the first victim is Titania, who falls in love with a comedian who is going to act for the Theseus and Hyppolita’s wedding. The next conflict happens when Demetrius and Lysander love Helena, because Puck confuses the two men. And finally, Oberon and Puck get the solution. On the one hand, Hermia and Lysander keep on the relationship, and on the other hand, Demetrius loves Helena. Moreover, Titania returns with her husband, and everybody wake up thinking that everything has been a dream.

           Otherwise, making reference to The Taming of the Shrew”, there are two couples that are engaged in Padua. First of all, Bianca, the youngest daughter of the wealthy citizen Baptista Minola, who has a lot of suitors to get her hand, and her father, following an ancient tradition, do not allow that his younger daughter to be married before his older daughter. This is the reason why Petruchio of Verona marries Kate in exchange of a great quantity of money, that is, the prize of her dowry. At the same time, Lucentio and Hortensio are suitors of Bianca, and just one can become in her husband. Finally, Bianca is married with Lucentio; and Petruchio in spite of having a marriage an exchange of money, he ends fallen in love with Kate, and also the strong, irritable and intolerable personality of Kate is tamed by her husband. And so, she gets to be the most obedient and sweetie wife in Padua. Nevertheless, she is considered as the “Shrew” and her sister represents the “Prize”.

          As a matter of fact, both Shakespeare’s plays represent humor with a romantic

 

love element in a kind of plays which have been called “low romantic comedy”.(1)

 

Especially, they become comical love stories when the love of their marriages are

 

manipulated. In one case, in “The Taming of the Shrew”, the comical marriage

 

represents an economic institution, so Petruchio is interested into marriage because of

 

money. He prefers addressing the institutions of marriage and wealthy instead of inner

 

passions of love. The relationship is negotiated between the future husband and the

 

father of the future wife. At the beginning, the marriage involves a transfer of money,

 

 but and at the end, it gets to be a couple in love.

 

           Moreover, Shakespeare focuses his humorous techniques around

 

love when he introduces a pedant in the play and this one acts as the father of Lucentio

 

to confirm Lucentio has a wealthy backgroung until that, the real father, Vincentio,

 

appears in the middle of the wedding.

 

Vincentio- Fair sir, and you my merry mistress,/That with

 

your strange encounter much amazed me,/My name is call'd Vincentio; my dwelling

 

Pisa;/And bound I am to Padua; there to visit/A son of mine, which long I have not

 

Seen.” (2)

 

           Furthermore, in difference to “The Taming of the Shrew”, Shakespeare describes a funny Athens in “A Midsummer’s Night Dream”. He delights with the anachronism. Theseus, a Greek man, thinks and speaks like a medieval man. Egeus painted among the modern style, invokes the laws of Solon, and according to them, the parents had the right to get their sons death or life. However, it is spoken about the queen of Cartagho, being Theseus ancient to Dido. Hermia considers Athens like a paradise, that the mythology did not know it. (3)

Moreover, the funny love in this play is dealt with difficulty. The conflict in “A Midsummer’s Night Dream” comes from the troubles of romance, so Lysander comments “The course of true love never did run smooth”. The love’s difficulty is because of the asymmetrical love among the four Athenians: Hermia loves Lysander, Lysander loves Hermia, Helena loves Demetrius, and Demetrius loves Hermia instead of Helena. Two men love the same woman, so one woman has a lot of suitors and the other one has too few.

             In conclusion, according to the opinion of Luis Astrana Marín, in “The Taming

 

of the ShrewShakespeare not only makes references to “El Conde Lucanor”, but also

 

to Agustín de Rojas “El Natural Desdichado”. The comical style appears when Sly, the

 

funny character in Shakespeare’ plays like as Mogrollo in Rojas’plays, takes place in

 

the play .Both of them drink a lot (in this case, one drinks wine, and the other one drinks

 

beer); one speaks a bad English and the other one speaks a bad Italian ;and both put up

 

at palaces, after that they had slept their drunkenness in the streets.

 

“The Taming of the Shrew”

 

Lord -What's here? one dead, or drunk? See, doth he breathe?

 

Second Huntsman -He breathes, my lord. Were he not warm'd with ale,/

This were a bed but cold to sleep so soundly.

 

 

“Rojas’ Plays”

 

Emperador-Pena importuna/pues el mundo es cual la luna q va tras nosostros/mas ¿quien duerme por aquí?

Cap Iº-A un hombre siento roncar/llegarele a despertar./hombre.

 Also, we can point out there is a dependence on the Spanish comedy on the part of Shakespeare. However, once Sly is called “Christophero”. Look at these verses. SCENE II. A bedchamber in the Lord's house. 

I am Christophero Sly; call not me 'honour' nor
'lordship:' I ne'er drank sack in my life; and if
you give me any conserves, give me conserves of
beef: ne'er ask me what raiment I'll wear; for I
have no more doublets than backs, no more stockings
than legs, nor no more shoes than feet; nay,
sometimes more feet than shoes, or such shoes as my
toes look through the over-leather.
(4)

          

           

            On the other hand, “A Midsummer’s Night Dream” is considered as an ideal of “romantic comedy” in which the fortunes of love and the humor of character are skilfully blended. There are several strands, the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta providing the background or the enclosing brackets with contain the play. In the foreground are the two pairs of lovers, the women constant, the men changing their affections as the magic herb “love in idlness” bids them. In the background is the fairy world, centering on Oberon and Titania  and their quarrel, which involves the human lovers. Puck moves between the human and the fairy world. The incongruity of bringing the grossest element in the human world into contact with the gossamer world of fairy is exploited by Shakespeare with delicate brilliance. (5)

 

Bibliography:

 

-http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/shrew/themes.html

 

-http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/midsummer/index.html

 

-http://www.novelguide.com/tamingoftheshrew/index.html

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(1) Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. Second Edition. Volume II. London . Secker and Warburg.1969. (page 248)

 

(2) http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/taming_shrew/index.html

 

(3) (4)Astrana Marín, Luis. Obras Completas de William Shakespeare. Tomo I. Ediciones Aguilar .1932.

 

(5)Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. Second Edition. Volume II. London . Secker and Warburg.1969.( pages 254- 255)