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Definitions from the Oxford Reference:

Consonant: Originally a sound or letter that had to be accompanied by a vowel: hence the term (Latin consonans ‘sounding with’). Now generally of phonological units which form parts of a syllable other than its nucleus (2) , or whose primary role, at least, is ... 

Vowel: A term in general use and in phonetics for both a SPEECH sound that is distinct from a CONSONANT (also vowel sound ) and the LETTER of the ALPHABET that represents such a speech sound (also vowel letter ). In general usage, the distinction between ...

Diphthong:  In PHONETICS , a VOWEL that starts with one quality and moves in the direction of another quality, as in toy , which begins with the quality in lawn and moves towards the quality in pin . The combination is often described as a sequence of two vowels. ...Phonetics . A vowel that changes its quality within the same single syllable. (Also called gliding vowel .) The English diphthongs in modern standard RP are: Three that glide towards an // sound from different starting points: // as in day , late , ...

The pronunciation of Kestrel:       /´kstrl/

The main definition of PHILOLOGY in English:  Love of learning and literature; the branch of knowledge that deals with the historical, linguistic, interpretative, and critical aspects of literature; literary or classical scholarship.

The etimology of crow and its translation into Spanish: ·Cuervo /  OE. cráwe f., corresp. to OS. krâia, MLG. krâge, krâe, krâ, LG. kraie, kreie, MDu. kraeye, Du. kraai, OHG. chrâwa, chrâja, chrâ, crâwa, crâ, MHG. kræe, krâwe, krâ, Ger. krähe; a WG. deriv. of the vb. crâwan, crâian to crow , q.v. In spanish. “cuervo”