• Consonant: A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable.  Plosive consonants involve complete stoppage of the air stream and are maximally consonantal; nasal consonants complete blockage of the air stream through the mouth but not the nose; fricatives considerable obstruction but not stoppage; lateral consonants obstruction in the centre of the mouth only; and approximants relatively little obstruction of the airflow.
• Vowel: A term in general use and in phonetics both for a SPEECH sound that is distinct from a CONSONANT (also vowel sound) and the letter of the alphabet that represents such a speech sound (also vowel letter). Various features distinguish the sound of one vowel from another, notably whether the front, central part, or back of the tongue is raised, leading to front vowels, central vowels, and back vowels respectively, and how high the tongue is raised towards the roof of the mouth, leading to close vowels, mid vowels, and open vowels.
• Diphthong: A sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in coin, loud, and side ). Often contrasted with monophthong, triphthong.
• Philology: The branch of knowledge that deals with the historical, linguistic, interpretative, and critical aspects of literature; literary or classical scholarship.

Kestrel: (kstrl)  

Crow:  OE. cráwe f., corresp. to OS. krâia, MLG. krâge, krâe, krâ, LG. kraie, kreie, MDu. kraeye, Du. kraai, OHG. chrâwa, chrâja, chrâ, crâwa, crâ, MHG. kræe, krâwe, krâ, Ger. krähe; a WG. deriv. of the vb. crâwan, crâian to crow , q.v.

Translation