SOME DEFINITIONS
CONSONANT
1. Consonant (noun): A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable. Contrasted with vowel. (The Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd edition revised).
2. Consonant (noun): Any speech sound that involves a significant obstruction of the airstream in the vocal tract and that functions at the beginning or end of a syllable, either singly or in a cluster, or a letter of the alphabet representing such a speech sound. Plosive. . . (A Dictionary of Psychology).
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VOWEL
1. Vowel (noun): A speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction, and which is a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable. . . ( The Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd edition revised).
2. Vowel: A speech sound made with the vocal cords vibrating, but without any closure or stricture. Contrasted with CONSONANT. A speech sound that is central to a syllable and therefore SYLLABIC. (The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar).
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DIPHTHONG
1. Diphthong (noun): A sound formed by de combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in “coin”, “loud” and “side”). Often contrasted with monphthong, triphthong.-a diagraph representing the sound. . . (The Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd edition revised).
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PHILOLOGY
1. Philology (noun): Love of learning and literature; the branch of knowledge that deals with the historical, linguistic, interpretative, and critical aspects of literature; literary or classical scholarship. Now chiefly U.S.
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CROW
1.Crow (noun): A large black bird that feeds upon the carcasses of beasts.
Etymology:
[O.E. cráwe f., corresp. to OS. krâia, MLG. krâge, krâe, krâ, LG. kraie, kreie, MDu. kraeye, Du. kraai, OHG. chrâwa, chrâja, chrâ, crâwa, crâ, MHG. krcee, krâwe, krâ, Ger. krähe; a WG. deriv. of the vb. crâwan, crâian to CROW, q.v.]
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2. Crow (verb): To utter the loud cry of a cock.
Etymology:
[OE. cráwan strong vb. (créow, cráwen), which in the other WGerm. languages is weak (cf. BLOW): OS.*craian (MDu. kraeijen, DU. kraaijen, LG. kraien, kreien), OHG.chrâian, crâwan, crâen, (MHG. crâjen, crâen, krœjen, krœn, mod.G.kräen.) Originally an echoic word, and prob. of WG. origin. The strong pa. tense is still prevalent in sense 1, but in 2, 3, the weak form is used; the strong pa. pple. es only dialectal.]
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Possible translations of the word “crow”: Cuervo, grajo, cantar, cacarear.
KESTREL
1. Kestrel (noun):/ˈkɛstrɪl/. A species of small hawk, remarkable for its habit of sustaining itself in the same place in the air with its head to the wind.
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