En este apartado me voy a permitir copiar un texto que el mismo Milorad
Pavic tiene en su página web y que me pareció bastante
interesante colocarlo aqui como contextualización. Trata de como
Pavic habla de sus hipertextos que ha escrito y del mundo que le rodea.
Se hace unas cuantas preguntas intereantes y acaba comparando un libro
con una casa y el escritor con el arquitecto.
"Borges was eager to see the faces of his first hundred readers. My eagerness is different. Are we all standing before a challenge to see the faces of the last hundred of readers, or, to be less pathetic, the faces of the last hundred readers of the novel?
Answering to that, let us putt the question when and where, in which
part of the text the reading of a novel starts and when and where the
reading of a novel ends. How is the beginning and the end of a novel,
the beginning and the end of reading, conditioned by what Jasmina
Mihajlovic calls: reading and sex? Must the novel have an end? And what
in fact is the end of a novel, of a literary work? And is it
unavoidably only one? How many ends can a novel or a theater play have?
To those questions I have found some answers while writing my books. Long ago I came to understand that the arts are "reversible" and "non reversible". There are some arts which enable the recipient to approach the work from various sides, or even to go around it and have a good look at it changing the spot, the perspective and the direction of his looking at it according to his own preference, as is the case with architecture, sculpture or painting, that are reversible. Other non reversible arts, such as music and literature look like one-way roads on which everything moves from the beginning to the end, from birth to death. I have always wished to make literature, which is non reversible art, a reversible one. Therefore my novels have no beginning and no end in the classical meaning of the word.
For instance, Dictionary of the Khazars is "a lexicon novel in 100.000 words", and according to the alphabet of various languages, the novel ends differently. The original version of Dictionary of the Khazars, printed in the Cyrillic alphabet, ends with a Latin quotation: " sed venit ut illa impleam et confirmem, Mattheus". My novel in Greek translation ends with a sentence: "I have immediately noticed that there are three fears in me, and not one". The English, Jewish, Spanish, and Danish version of Dictionary of the Khazars end in this way: "Then, when the reader returned, the entire process would be reversed, and Tibbon would correct the translation on the basis of the impressions he had derived from this reading walk". The Serbian version printed in the Latin alphabet, the Swedish version published at Nordsteds, the Holland version, the Czech version and the German version , end with the following sentence: "That look wrote Koen's name in the air, lighted the wick, and lit up her way to the house". The Hungarian version of Dictionary of the Khazars ends with sentence: "He simply wanted to draw your attention to what your nature is like". The Italian and Catalonian versions end in this way: "Indeed the Chazar jar serves to this day, although it has long since ceased to exist." The Japanese version, published by "Tokyo Zogen Sha" ends with the sentence: "The girl had given birth to a fast quick daughter - her death; in that death her beauty had been divided on whey and curdled milk, and at the bottom a mouth was seen keeping the root of reeds".
My second novel, Landscape Painted with Tea (comparable with cross-word
puzzles) brings the portraits of the book's characters into the first
plan if read vertically. If the same chapters are read horizontally (in
the "classical way"), they put into the first plan the plot of the
novel and its development. Let us discuss the beginning and the end of
the novel in this case as well. First of all, this novel ends in one
way if it is read by a woman-reader, and in another way if the reader
is a man. Of course, the beginnings and the ends of this novel differ
from each other depending as well on the fact that the novel is read
vertically or horizontally. Landscape Painted with Tea, if read
horizontally, has the next beginning: "No undelivered slap should ever
be taken to the grave". For those who wish to red the same way -
across, this novel ends with the sentence: "The reader will not be so
stupid not to remember what happened to Atanasije Svilar, whose name,
for some time, used to be Razin". Landscape Painted with Tea if read
vertically, begins with the sentence: "In preparing this Testimonial to
our friend, schoolmate, and benefactor, architect Atanas Fyodorovich
Razin, alias Atanas Svilar, who once inscribed his name with his tongue
on the backs of the most beautiful women of our generation..." The same
way read this novel ends with the sentence: "I ran into the church".
After
the novel-dictionary and the novel-crossword puzzle I tried again to
transfer the novel into the row of the reversible arts. It is The Inner
Side of the Wind. A klepsydra - novel. It has two front pages and it is
best to read it one and a half times, as the famous archeologist,
Dragoslav Srejovic,once said. The end is in the middle, where the
lovers of this mythical tale, Hero and Leander meet. If you start
reading from Leander's side, the beginning of the novel will be: "All
futures have one great virtue: they never look the way you imagine
them..." On that side of the book end of the novel will be the
following: "It was five minutes past twelve when the towers in a
horrible explosion fled into the air taking with them the flames in
which Leander's body had perished". If you read The Inner Side of the
Wind from Hero's side, the beginning of the book will be: "In the first
part of the life, a woman gives birth, and in the second, she kills and
buries either herself, or those around her". If you start reading from
that, Hero's side, the end of the novel will be like this: "According
to the bewildered lieutenant it was not till the third day in the
evening that Hero's head yelled in a terrible and deep voice as if it
were a man's".
My
most recent book, Last Love in Constantinople is, in fact, a
tarot-novel consisting of 22 chapters corresponding to the cards of the
Major Arcana. As it is known, with the help of the tarot, it is
possible to foretell the future, and the novel Last Love in
Constantinople has several keys as the cards themselves. In other words
this novel is a direction for tarot fortune-telling and can be "used"
in more different ways. But the novel is not foretelling future to it's
heroes, but to it's readers. It is possible to read-in the meaning of
the tarot cards into the chapters of the novel (that bear the same
appellations and numbers as the individual cards). It is possible to
read-in the sense of the chapters of the novel into the meaning of the
cards during fortune-telling. The novel can be used regardless the
cards. Also, according to the directions for the tarot, that are given
in the content, you can first of all throw the cards, and then read the
chapters in the way cards fell on the table.
Therefore we can conclude that from the described novels we can come out not only through one exit, but also through more ways out that are far from each other.
Slowly
I lose from my sight the difference between the house and the book, and
this is, perhaps, the most important thing I have to say in this text.
But let us turn to the more general question, often raised in these
days. Is the end of the novel approaching? Is the end of the novel
before us or already behind us, ask those people that are followers of
the thought that we are already living in the post history times. Is it
also a post romanesque time? Have we passed through the finish without
even noticing, and now all of us are running together in an already
finished race? I believe it cannot be said so, unless we are struck by
some nuclear cataclysm of cosmic proportions. I am more inclined to say
that we are rather at the termination of one manner of reading. It is
the crisis of our way of reading the novel, and not the novel itself.
The novel - one-way road is in a crisis. Something else is in a crisis
as well. It is the graphic sight of the novel. This is to say: the book
is in a crisis. Hyperfiction is teaching us a novel can move as our
mind moves, in all directions at once. And to be interactive.
I
tried to change the way of the reading increasing the role and
responsibility of the reader in the process of creating a novel (let us
not forget that in the world there are much more talented readers than
talented authors and literary critics). I have left to them, to the
readers, the decision about the choice of the plots and the development
of the situations in the novel: where the reading will begin, and where
it will end, even the decision about the destiny of the main
characters. But in order to change the way of reading, I had to change
the way of writing. Therefore these lines should not be understood
exclusively as a talk about the form of the novel. This is at the same
time both a talk of its content. In fact, the content of any novel has
been, so to say, on Procrust's bed for two thousand years always
subjected to the merciless model of form. I believe that an end has
come to this. Each novel should select its specific form, each story
can search for, and find, its adequate body... Computer is teaching us
it is possible. But if you do not like computers, have a look what
architecture is teaching us.
Architecture changes our way of life. A literary work, if we consider it as a house, can change our way of life. A novel can be a home as well. At least for a while."
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