ROMANTICISM. Derived from the term "romance-like,' in which sense it was used during the 17th and 18th centuries.
romanticism in its specific historical application refers to a movement in European art from about 1800 to 1850. It had its roots
itl the preromantic concepts of the second part of the 18th century, as expressed in JeanJacques Rousseau's writings and in the
cult of the "genius," the "`original." and the "`characteristic," Neo-Gothicism. Sturm und Drang ("`storm and stress") in German
literature, and sentimentalism prepared the ground for the romanticism of the 19th century.

Romanticism did not produce a unified style but expressed itself in central and northern Europe in terms of the somewhat earlier
linear neoclassicism. Only in French painting did romanticism develop a new. spontaneous. subjective, and painterly language in
contrast to the deliberate. objective, linear style of the neoclassical masters. Paralleling the philosophical and literary cult of
nature and the natural, it reintroduced landscape painting and reflected the newly awakened sense for history, in historical
paintings, and for religious-metaphysical speculations. in its revival of Christian art.

In Germany the painters Runge and Friedrich created a new landscape art that saw in nature a symbol of the divine spirit.
Christian symbolism was related to the cosmic infinite; historical religion, to the seasons and the hours of the day. The rise of
American landscape paint. ing in the works of Allston, Cole. and the members of the Hudson River school in general also
points to a stimulation through English and German romantic painting.

The Nazarene group in Rome, led by Overbeck and Cornelius, contributed to the proliferation of religious and historical
compositions and exerted some influence on Flandrin and on the English Pre-Raphaelites. In the wok of Von Schwind. A. L.
Richter, and Spitzweg romanticism turned from the religious spirit to quiet contemplation and friendly story.telling, reflecting the
growing tendency t conceive of art as an entertainment.

In France the heroic age of the Revolution and of Napoleon's empire gave the romantic spirit a tendency toward the
contemporary. The actual, the sensational, the unusual. and the exalted prevailed. A new use of broad color application, in
which artists were guided by the study of Rubens, expressed the ideal of passionate involvement. Rousseau and Delacroix were
the leading exponents of romantic painting. The creators of novel themes and a free, painterly style. they also laid the ground for
subsequent naturalistic painting in France with their daring rendition of natural phenomena and their spontaneous brushwork.
The landscape painting of the Barbizon school, represented by Corot, Daubigny, and Millet, combined romantic emotion and
naturalistic, atmospheric observation.

In England the romantic spirit expressed itself in the poetry of Turner`s landscapes and, after 1849, in the pictures of the
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood under the leadership of Rossetti and including William Holman Hunt, Btirne-Jones, Millais. and
William Morris. Medieval stylization and extreme realism combine in their work. which became a base for design reform in the
applied arts.



 

  And now, you have here articles about romanticism  published on internet.

            Main Page |
                                                          (U.S Mirror site at Stanford University Libraries)
 
 

     Albright, Richard S. (Lehigh University): '"In the mean time, what did Perdita?": Rhythms and Reversals in Mary
     Shelley's The Last Man '
     Baulch, David M. (University of Washington): 'The Sublime in the Bible'
     Bicknell, Titus (University of York): 'Calamus Ense Potentior Est : Walter Savage Landor's Poetic War of Words'
     Brewer, William (Appalachian State University): 'Unnationalized Englishmen in Mary Shelley's Fiction'
     Bugajski, Ken A. (Texas A&M University): 'Joanna Baillie: An Annotated Bibliography'
     Burroughs, Catherine (Cornell University): 'Teaching the Theory and Practice of Women's Dramaturgy'
     Campbell, Ann (Emory University): 'Satire in The Monk: Exposure and Reformation'
     Campbell-Orr, Clarissa (Anglia Polytechnic University): 'Mary Shelley’s Rambles in Germany and Italy, the
     Celebrity Author, and the undiscovered country of the human heart'
     Chandler, David (Corpus Christi College, Oxford): 'Vagrancy Smoked Out: Wordsworth "betwixt Severn and Wye"'
     ---: '"The Conflict": Hannah Brand and Theatre Politics in the 1790s'
     ---: 'Wordsworth's "Are There no Groans?": Source, Meaning, Significance'
     Conger, Syndy M. (Western Illinois University): 'Confessors and Penitents in M. G. Lewis's The Monk'
     Corbett, Robert M. (University of Washington): 'The Violence of the Sacred: The Economy of Sacrifice in The Cenci'
     Cox, Jeffrey N. (University of Colorado at Boulder): 'Leigh Hunt's Cockney School: The Lakers' "Other"'
     Crochunis, Thomas C. (The LAB at Brown University), Guest-Editor of 'British Women Playwrights around 1800' - a
     special issue of Romanticism On the Net
     ---: 'The Function of the Dramatic Closet at the Present Time'
     Davis, Tracy C. (Northwestern University): 'The Sociable Playwright and Representative Citizen'
     Decker, Catherine (California State University at San Bernardino): 'Crossing Old Barriers: The WorldWideWeb,
     Academia, and the Romantic Novel'
     Ezell, Margaret J. M. (Texas A&M University): 'Revisioning Responding: A second look at Women Playwrights
     Around 1800'
     Faflak, Joel (University of Western Ontario): 'Analysis Interminable in the Other Wordsworth'
     Farnell, Gary (King Alfred's College, Winchester): 'Wordsworth’s The Prelude as Autobiography of An Orphan'
     Fay, Elizabeth (University of Massachusetts - Boston): 'The Bluestocking Archive: Constructivism and Salon Theory
     Revisited'
     Fraistat, Neil (University of Maryland), Steven E. Jones (Loyola University Chicago), and Carl Stahmer (University
     of California Santa Barbra): 'The Canon, The Web, and the Digitization of Romanticism'
     Frank, Frederick S. (Allegheny College), Guest-Editor of 'Matthew Lewis's The Monk' - a special issue of
     Romanticism On the Net
     ---: 'The Monk: A Bicentenary Bibliography'
     Fulford, Tim (Nottingham Trent University):'Mary Robinson and the Abyssinian Maid: Coleridge's Muses and Feminist
     Criticism'
     Gamer, Michael and Laura Mandell (University of Pennsylvania and Miami University of Ohio): 'On Romanticism,
     the Canon, and the Web'
     Garbin, Lidia (University of Liverpool): 'The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck : Walter Scott in the writings of Mary
     Shelley'
     Graver, Bruce (Providence College): 'Duncan Wu's Wordsworth's Reading: 1770-1799: A Supplementary List with
     Corrections'
     --- and Ronald Tetreault (Dalhousie University): 'Editing Lyrical Ballads for the Electronic Environment'
     Gravil, Richard (College of St. Mark & St. John): 'James Fenimore Cooper and the Spectre of Edmund Burke'
     Hanley, Keith (Lancaster University): 'Wordsworth's Revolution in Poetic Language'
     Hirschfield, Lisa (New York University): 'Between Memory and History: Wordsworth's Excursion'
     Hodgson, John (Princeton University):'An Other Voice: Ventriloquism in America in the Romantic Period'
     Hogle, Jerrold E. (University of Arizona): 'The Ghost of the Counterfeit -- and the Closet -- in The Monk'
     Hogsette, David S. (New York Institute of Technology): 'Eclipsed by the Pleasure Dome: Poetic Failure in Coleridge's
     "Kubla Khan"'
     Hopkins, Lisa (Sheffield Hallam University): 'Memory at the End of History: Mary Shelley's The Last Man '
     Jackson, H. J. (University of Toronto): 'Lucy Revived'
     Johns-Putra, Adeline (Monash University): 'Satirising the Courtly Woman and Defending the Domestic Woman: Mock
     Epics and Women Poets in the Romantic Age'
     Johnston, Kenneth R. (Indiana University): 'Romantic Anti-Jacobins or Anti-Jacobin Romantics?'
     Jones, Steven E. (Loyola University Chicago): '"Supernatural, or at Least Romantic": the Ancient Mariner and
     Parody'
     ---., Neil Fraistat, and Carl Stahmer (Loyola University Chicago, University of Maryland, University of California
     Santa Barbra): 'The Canon, The Web, and the Digitization of Romanticism'
     Koenig-Woodyard, Chris (St. Edmund Hall, Oxford): 'A Hypertext History of the Transmission of Coleridge's
     'Christabel,' 1800-1816'
     ---.: 'sex—text: 'Christabel' and the Christabelliads'
     Kucich, Greg (University of Notre Dame): '"The Wit in the Dungeon": Leigh Hunt and the Insolent Politics of Cockney
     Coterie'
     Lussier, Mark (Arizona State University): 'Wave Dynamics as Primary Ecology in Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound'

     Malpas, Simon (University of Wales, Cardiff): '"I cried 'Come, tell me how you live!' / And thumped him on the head":
     Wordsworth, Carroll and the "Aged, Aged Man"'
     Mandell, Laura (Miami University of Ohio), Guest-Editor of 'Romantic Anthologies' - a special issue of Romanticism
     On the Net
     ---: 'Canons Die Hard: A Review of the New Romantic Anthologies'
     --- and Michael Gamer (Miami University of Ohio and University of Pennsylvania): 'On Romanticism, the Canon, and
     the Web'
     Matlak, Richard and Anne Mellor (College of the Holy Cross and University of California, Los Angeles):
     'Anthologising the New Romanticism'
     McKeeverr, Kerry Ellen (University of Idaho): 'Writing and Melancholia: Saving the Self in Mary Shelley's "The
     Mourner"'
 
 

POR PROBLEMAS CON  EL SERVIDOR, LOS SIGUIENTES TEXTOS PODRÁS ENCONTRARLOS EN LA DIRECCIÓN OFRECIDA A CONTINUACIÓN DE CADA UNO:
 

     Mellor, Anne and Richard Matlak (University of California, Los Angeles and College of the Holy Cross):
     'Anthologising the New Romanticism'  http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/mellor.html
     Miall, David S. (University of Alberta): 'Electronic Romanticism: The CD' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/rom_cd.html
     ---.: 'The Resistance of Reading: Romantic Hypertext and Pedagogy' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/reading.html
     Mizukoshi, Ayumi (Teikyo Heisei University): 'The Cockney Politics of Gender -- the Cases of Hunt and Keats'
     http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/cockneygender.html
     Nachumi, Nora (City University of New York): 'Acting Like a "lady": British Women Novelists and the
     Eighteenth-Century Stage' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/bwpacting.html
     O'Neill, Michael (University of Durham): '"The Words He Uttered": A Reading of Wordsworth' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/uttered.html
     Pace, Joel (Blackfriars, Oxford): '"Gems of a soft and permanent lustre": The Reception and Influence of the Lyrical
     Ballads in America' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/americanLB.html
     ---: 'Emotion and Cognition in The Prelude' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/emotion.html
     Perry, Seamus (Lincoln College, Oxford): 'Coleridge, the Return to Nature, and the New Anti-Romanticism: An Essay
     in Polemic' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/antirom.html
     --- (Glasgow University) and Nicola Trott (Glasgow University), Guest-Editors of 'Lyrical Ballads, 1798-1998' - a
     special issue of Romanticism On the Net' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/guest3.html
     Purinton, Marjean D. (Texas Tech University): 'Revising Romanticism by Inscripting Women Playwrights' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/bwprevising.html
     Reilly, Susan P. (University of New Hampshire): 'Blake's Poetics of Sound in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell'
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/blakepoetics.html
     Richardson, Alan (Boston College): 'British Romanticism as a Cognitive Category' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/cognitive.html
     Roberts, Maureen B. (University of Adelaide): '"Ethereal Chemicals": Alchemy and the Romantic Imagination'
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/alchemy.html
     Saunders, Julia (Wolfson College, Oxford): 'Putting the Reader Right: Reassessing Hannah More's Cheap Repository
     Tracts' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/more.html
     Scott, Matthew (Magdalene College, Oxford): 'The Circulation of Romantic Creativity: Coleridge, Drama, and the
     Question of Translation' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/circulation.html
     --- (Somerville College, Oxford): 'The Return to Poetics - A Review-Essay on Timothy Clark's Theory of Inspiration
     and Theresa Kelley's Reinventing Allegory'' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/scott.html
     Sheffy, Rakefet (Tel Aviv University): 'Models of Nature and Landscape Description: Their Sources and Functions in
     the Canonization of Late Eighteenth Century German Prose-Fiction' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/german.html
     Smith, Christopher (Open University): 'Robert Southey and the Emergence of Lyrical Ballads' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/southeyLB.html
     Stahmer, Carl (University of California Santa Barbra), Steven E. Jones (Loyola University Chicago), and Neil
     Fraistat (University of Maryland): 'The Canon, The Web, and the Digitization of Romanticism' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/rcron.html
     Steyaert, Kris (University College London): 'Poetry as Enforcement: Conquering the Muse in Keats's "Ode to Psyche"'
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/psyche.html
     Strachan, John (University of Sunderland): '"'The Praise of Blacking": William Frederick Deacon’s Warreniana and
     Early Nineteenth-century Advertising-related Parody' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/warren.html
     Suzuki, Ruriko (Tohoku Gakuin University): 'Translation in the 1790's: a Means of Creating a Like Existence and/or
     Restoring the Original' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/translation.html
     ---: 'The idea of "the real language of men" in the 1800 "Preface" to Lyrical Ballads; or Enfield's idea of language
     derived from Condillac' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/real.html
     Tetreault, Ronald (Dalhousie University) and Bruce Graver (Providence College): 'Editing Lyrical Ballads for the
     Electronic Environment' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/electronicLB.html
     Thomson, Douglass H. (Georgia Southern University): 'The Work of Art in the Age of Electronic (Re)Production' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/work.html
     Tienhooven, Marie-José (University of Rochester): 'All Roads Lead to England: The Monk Constructs the Nation' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/nation.html
     Treadwell, James (Christ Church, Oxford): 'Innovation and Strangeness; or, Dialogue and Monologue in the 1798
     Lyrical Ballads'  http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/innovationLB.html
     Trott, Nicola and Seamus Perry (Glasgow University), Guest-Editors of 'Lyrical Ballads, 1798-1998' - a special
     issue of Romanticism On the Net' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/guest3.html
     Tuite, Clare (University of Melbourne): 'Cloistered Closets: Enlightenment Pornography, The Confessional State,
     Homosexual Persecution and The Monk' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/closet.html
     Whissel, Cynthia (Laurentian University): '"'Tis more than what is called mobility": Structure and a Development
     towards Understanding in Byron's Don Juan' http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/donjuan.html
     White, Daniel E. (University of Pennsylvania): '"The god undeified": Mary Shelley's
 
 

ROMANTICISM ON CINEMA
 

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